Dentrification potential of different landuse types in an agricultural watershed, lower Mississippi valley.

Expansion of agricultural land and excessive nitrogen (N) fertilizer use in the Mississippi River watershed has resulted in a three-fold increase in the nitrate load of the river since the early 1950s. One way to reduce this nitrate load is to restore wetlands at suitable locations between croplands and receiving waters to remove run-off nitrate through previous termdenitrification.next term This research investigated previous termdenitrificationnext term potential (DP) of different land uses and its controlling factors in an agricultural watershed in the lower Mississippi valley (previous termLMV)next term to help identify sites with high DP for reducing run-off nitrate. Soil samples collected from seven land-use types of an agricultural watershed during spring, summer, fall and winter were incubated in the laboratory for DP determination. Low-elevation clay soils in wetlands exhibited 6.3 and 2.5 times greater DP compared to high-elevation silt loam and low-elevation clay soils in croplands, respectively. DP of vegetated-ditches was 1.3 and 4.2 times that of un-vegetated ditches and cultivated soils, respectively. Soil carbon and nitrogen availability, bulk density, and soil moisture significantly affected DP. These factors were significantly influenced in turn by landscape position and land-use type of the watershed. It is evident from these results that low-elevation, fine-textured soils under natural wetlands are the best locations for mediating nitrate loss from agricultural watersheds in the previous termLMV.next term Landscape position and land-use types can be used as indices for the assessment/modeling of previous termdenitrificationnext term potential and identification of sites for restoration for nitrate removal in agricultural watersheds

Trust and trustworthiness

What is it to trust someone? What is it for someone to be trustworthy? These are the two main questions that this paper addresses. There are various situations that can be described as ones of trust, but this paper considers the issue of trust between individuals. In it, I suggest that trust is distinct from reliance or cases where someone asks for something on the expectation that it will be done due to the different attitude taken by the trustor. I argue that the trustor takes Holton's 'participant stance' and this distinguishes trust from reliance. I argue that trustworthiness is different from reliability and that an account of trustworthiness cannot be successful whilst ignoring the point that aligning trustworthiness with reliability removes the virtue from being trustworthy. On the question of what it is distinguishes trustworthiness from reliability, I argue that the distinction is in the opportunity for the trustee to act against the wishes of the trustor and the trustee's consideration of the value of the trust that has been placed in them by the trustor

Structure of amorphous Ge8Sb2Te11: GeTe-Sb2Te3 alloys and optical storage

The amorphous structure of Ge8Sb2Te11, an alloy used in the Blu-ray Disc, the de facto successor to digital versatile disk (DVD) optical storage, has been characterized by large-scale (630 atoms, 0.4 ns) density-functional/molecular-dynamics simulations using the new PBEsol approximation for the exchange-correlation energy functional. The geometry and electronic structure agree well with available x-ray diffraction data and photoelectron measurements. The total coordination numbers are Ge: 4.0, Sb: 3.7, and Te: 2.9, and the Ge-Ge partial coordination number is 0.7. Most atoms (particularly Sb) prefer octahedral coordination but 42% of Ge atoms are "tetrahedral." Structural details, including ring statistics, local coordination, and cavities (12% of total volume), are strikingly similar to those of Ge2Sb2Te5, which is used in DVD-random access memory. The presence of less than 10% Sb atoms leads to significant changes from GeTe

[Introduction to] Cooperative Strategy: Managing Alliances and Networks, Third Edition

Cooperation has become the leading strategy adopted by business and other organizations. It is taking on new forms that are adapted to changing market expectations and technological possibilities in the rapidly evolving business environment. This new edition of Cooperative Strategy provides a comprehensive view of the practical and theoretical literature concerning cooperative strategies, and the alliance and network organizational forms that are the enablers of these strategies. It takes the reader through the stages of developing a cooperative alliance, from choosing a cooperative form and selecting partners, to establishing an alliance and managing the process of cooperation. It examines cooperative strategies in different sectors as well as internationally, and discusses performance criteria and evolution of cooperation over time.With insights from internationally recognized experts on cooperative strategy, this book presents extensive research on the topic while also addressing practical issues of alliance management. Echoing the words of the famous social psychologist Kurt Lewin that there is nothing so practical as a good theory , the authors provide a sound understanding of the theory and research on cooperative strategy so as to inform its practice. In this respect, this new edition follows its predecessor as an essential resource for both students and managers alike.https://scholarship.richmond.edu/bookshelf/1327/thumbnail.jp